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Glossary

2D Overlay

A feature allowing display of 2D drawings, such as floor plans, on top of 3D models for context alignment.

3D

Three-dimensional representation of geometric data, allowing spatial visualization of objects within virtual environments.

3D Annotations

Notes or comments attached directly to 3D geometry, improving visual communication within models.

3D Visualization

The process of displaying digital 3D representations of architectural or engineering models interactively.

3DXML

A 3D file format developed by Dassault Systèmes for representing complex 3D geometries and assemblies.

AEC

Architecture, Engineering, and Construction – industries involved in the design, development, and management of built environments.

Affero GPL (AGPL)

A copyleft open-source license requiring that modified software versions distributed online remain open. https://github.com/xeokit/xeokit-sdk/blob/master/LICENSE

Angle Measurement

A function for determining angular relationships between selected edges or surfaces.

Animations

Sequenced visual changes applied to 3D models to simulate movement or construction processes.

BCF

BIM Collaboration Format – a standard for exchanging issue tracking data and viewpoints among BIM tools.

BIM

Building Information Modeling – a digital process integrating geometry, metadata, and project information throughout a building’s lifecycle.

Camera Controls

Interactive tools that manage the viewpoint, allowing rotation, zoom, and panning within a 3D scene.

CityJSON

A JSON-based encoding for 3D city models compliant with CityGML data structures.

CLI

Command Line Interface – a text-based control system for executing conversion or automation commands.

Context Menu

A user interface element providing quick access to relevant tools through right-click interaction.

Conversion tools

Software utilities like CxConverter that transform BIM or CAD files (e.g., IFC to glTF/XKT) for visualization.

Customizable

Fully adaptable viewer and SDK components allowing UI, workflow, and feature personalization.

Distance Measurement

A tool to calculate linear distances between two or more points within a model.

Dotbim

Minimalist file format for BIM. It was created to simplify the description of BIM models as much as possible.

Double precision

A 64-bit floating-point format allowing highly accurate 3D geometry representation, view building model geometry in global coordinates, enabling GIS applications.

Fast loading

The ability to stream and display large BIM models within seconds using optimized compression and lightweight geometry structures.

Fast rendering

A high-performance GPU-driven rendering process designed to smoothly visualize extensive 3D scenes with real-time responsiveness.

Federated models

Multiple discipline-specific BIM models combined into a single coordinated 3D environment.

GIS

Geographic Information Systems – platforms for managing spatial and georeferenced data integrated with BIM models.

glTF

GL Transmission Format – an efficient, open standard for transmitting 3D scenes and models, optimized for the web.

Hatching

Visualization technique applying hatch patterns to sectioned model areas for clearer differentiation of cut geometry.

IFC

Industry Foundation Classes – an open BIM data format used to exchange building and infrastructure information across software platforms.

Javascript

A programming language used to develop interactive web applications and control xeokit-based 3D viewers.

LAS

Standard binary format for LiDAR point clouds storing 3D coordinates, intensity, and classification data.

LAZ

Compressed version of the LAS file format used for storing LiDAR point cloud data efficiently.

Marquee selection

An interactive tool allowing users to select multiple 3D objects by dragging a rectangular selection area.

Metadata

Structured information attached to BIM elements describing their attributes, properties, and relationships.

Mini map

A small on-screen navigation map showing the model’s position and orientation within the overall scene.

Model slicing

The process of generating sectional views or layers of a 3D model to analyze internal geometry.

An on-screen 3D navigation cube enabling orientation control within the viewer environment.

Interactive controls allowing users to move, orbit, and zoom within a 3D scene.

OBJ

A widely used 3D geometry definition format that stores vertex, normal, and texture data for mesh models.

Online Viewer

A web-based tool that enables real-time visualization and interaction with 3D/BIM data directly in the browser.

Open source

A software licensing model allowing public access to source code for modification, use, and distribution.

Optimization

Techniques and tools used to enhance performance, reduce memory load, and improve rendering efficiency.

Performance

The overall responsiveness and efficiency of the 3D viewer in loading, rendering, and interacting with large models.

physically-based materials

Material definitions based on real-world physics for realistic rendering of surfaces and lighting.

Plugins

Extendable software modules that add specialized functionality to the xeokit SDK framework.

Point cloud

A collection of 3D spatial points captured via LiDAR or photogrammetry representing surface geometry.

PointerLens

A magnification tool in xeokit that enlarges a region of the canvas to aid precise element selection.

Property sets

Collections of metadata describing BIM object attributes such as material, dimensions, or classification.

SDK

Software Development Kit – a collection of tools, libraries, and APIs for building custom applications using xeokit technology.

Section planes

Interactive clipping tools that allow users to cut through 3D models for interior inspection.

Snapping

Precision feature aligning the cursor or measurement tool to exact vertices, edges, or surfaces in a model.

STL

Stereolithography file format commonly used for 3D printing and geometric mesh exchange.

Tree View

A hierarchical interface displaying BIM object structure and relationships between model components.

Viewpoints

Saved camera positions and visual configurations used to highlight specific parts or issues in a 3D model.

Visual Test

Rendering-based inspection used to verify model accuracy, lighting, or material appearance before deployment.

WebGL

A JavaScript API for rendering 3D graphics within web browsers without external plugins.

X-ray

Visualization mode rendering models semi-transparent to expose internal structures and components.

xeoServices

A REST API platform offering conversion, validation, and hosting of 3D/BIM formats such as IFC, dotBIM, and OBJ+MTL. It streamlines data processing, enabling seamless integration and cloud-based management of BIM workflows.

XKT

XKT is xeokit's highly-optimized native geometry format, which allows xeokit to load hundreds of thousands of full-precision objects in seconds, enabling rapid loading of large BIM datasets in browsers. XKT files are converted from various source formats using open-source CLI tools.